Cadmium (Cd) is an industrial and environmental pollutant. It has toxic effects on root tip growth and morphogenesis of onion (Allium cepa L.). Onion roots were germinated in 0, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200 g/ml doses of CdSO4 salt. Then root tips were fixed, dehydrated and paraffin embedded. Afterwards, material was sectioned on a microtom (7m thickness) and stained by Acridine orange fluorescent dye and cytochemical methods for DNA and RNA staining. Results show that Cd induces MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES such as cell vacuolization, nucleus and cytoplasm condensation and nucleus margination. It also causes decreases nucleoplasmic ratio and cell death induction. It was also observed that Cd toxicity has a threshold level (10-25mg/ml concentrations). In doses higher than this threshold, cells are  irreversibly committed to death. Therefore in concentrations lower than 25g/ml , the mode of cell death is apoptotic-like cytological features and necrosis happens in higher concentrations.

Objective: Amiodarone as an iodinated benzofuran derivative is a potent antiarrhythmic agent currently used for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias. Pulmonary toxicity is one of the complications of Amiodarone therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the toxicity of Amiodarone for pneumocytes.Materials and Methods: 14 male white New Zealand rabbits were divided in a control group and an experimental group. The experimental group was subjected to intra peritoneal injection with a single daily dose of 80 mg/kg Amiodarone for two weeks. The control group received only normal saline. At the end of the injection period, the two groups were anesthetized and perfused with Karnovsky fixative. The lung tissue was removed and fixed, then prepared for light and electron microscope studies. Morphometric studies were made on sections to find nucleus profile dimensions.Results: Light microscope observation showed acute CHANGES in the alveolus including congestion of alveolar capillaries and infiltration of red blood cells (RBCs) into the lumen of the alveoli. Electron microscope study of lung tissue revealed abnormal inclusion bodies within type II & I pneumocytes. The micrographs also showed the presence of vacuoles in 5% of the type II pneumocytes. Morphometric studies showed that the nucleus of the cells in the experimental group were smaller than in the control group (p<0.01).Conclusion: These results indicate that Amiodarone administration can cause damage to pnuemocytes and the alveolus of rabbit lung, so the effectiveness of Amiodarone in long term treatment of heart failure patients is limited because of the development of lung toxicity.

Introduction: The morphogenesis of the paraventricular choroid plexus (PCP) was studied during different life periods in mice (balb/c) by histochemical methods. Methods: Fetal and postnatal brain mice, fixed in formalin 10%, provided coronal and horizontal serial sections and stained for light microscopic study. Results and Discussion: Based on this investigation, PCP in mice appears on post conception day (PCD) 11 with the formation of a horizontal crest in the roof of the interventricular foramen and apical portion of the fourth ventricle. During these CHANGES the epithelial cells differentiate and stratify to form the choroid plaque. From PCD 11 the developing choroid plexus (CP) expands into the ventricular cavity taking with it mesenchyme and vessels. Light microsopic studies show that differential epithelial cells are more cylindrical and their nuclei become more elongated. These cells in microscopic view exhibit prolongations into the ventricular cavities. Apical ends of the epithelial cells show numerous elevations into the choroid lakes. During these morphogenical CHANGES other cells appear in neighboring areas of these formations, named epiplexus cells. MORPHOLOGICAL studies in old mice show atrophy and flattening of the CP epithelial cell layer. Other MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES in old CP was irregularity of the epithelial basement membrane but previous CHANGES do not show in fetal and early postnatal groups.      

In this study, the early development of Barbus sharpeyi larvae was surveyed through MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES and measuring total length, standard length, head length, thickness of larvae, eye diameter and snout length. The initial period of the larval life can be divided into 2 phases: endogenous and exogenous food sources. During the first three days of the larvae development, there was a gradual yolk sac reduction until its complete absorption at the end of third day, indicating the necessity of exogenous feeding. From the fourth to eleventh day, the final development of the heart, gill, air bladder, fins and intestine were observed. Total length of newly hatched larvae was 6.26mm and total length of fifteen days larvae was 8.35mm. The larval development of Barbus sharpeyi was similar to other Barbus species.

1. Introduction: Investigating CHANGES in the behavior of rivers is of particular importance in the protection of hydraulic structures and the determination of the boundaries of the river bed, as well as the reduction of possible damages. Dams are among the structures that have the greatest impact on river morphology. Therefore, it is very important to study the morphology of rivers flowing to large dams in planning and ease of strategic decision making on the construction of engineering structures along the river. In recent years, due to the unique characteristics of remote sensing and satellite imagery, many studies have been done to investigate river MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES (Baki and Ga, 2012,Fisher, 2016). In this research, the study uses 26 Landsat satellite images to investigate the MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES of the Bazoft River between 1985-2015. In this regard, the present study investigates MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES of the Basoft River, one of the northern Karun sub-basins, which finally enters the Karun 4 dam. In this study, using 26 satellite images of Landsat ETM + and OLI, the displacement pattern of the main river channel, along with the variations in width and sinousity due to sedimentation and erosion processes in long and short periods up to the year 2015 and caused by large floods in this period were investigated. . .

Background: Amiodarone is a drug that is used for treatment of cardiac arrhythmia after cardiac ischemia. This drug as β blocker decreases arrhythmia rate but it has many side effects on different tissues. Since there are rare reports about CHANGES of lacrimal glands, this research has been carried out to study the MORPHOLOGICAL and ultrastructural CHANGES of lacrimal gland cells after amiodarone administration. Methods: Male rabbits (n = 14) were divided into control and experimental groups. Experimental group were intra peritoneally injected with a daily single dose of 80 mg/kg amiodarone for two weeks. The control group only received normal saline. At the end of the injection period, the two groups were anesthetized and perfused with Karnovsky's fixative. The lacrimal glands were removed, fixed and then prepared for light and electron microscopic studies. Quantitative studies on lacrimal gland cell micrographs were performed by point counting method. The results were statistically compared between the two groups. Results: Light microscopic observation showed many secretory granules in the cytoplasm of the lacrimal gland cells, which were also seen in the lumen of acini. Ultrastructure study of these cells showed the presence of inclusions in their cytoplasm with homogenous and dense structure. In quantitative analysis, the volume fractions (Vv) of mitochondria and nucleus to the cell showed no differences between the two groups but the Vv of euchromatin to the nucleus was different (P<0.05 ). Conclusion: The presented results show adverse effects of amiodarone on rabbit lacrimal gland cells.

Recent rapid industrialization in developed and even developing countries and the resultant high demands for industrial products, has led to the need for easy industrial disposal. The cheapest method for such disposal during the past few decades has been by discharged of the effluents into the nearest river or lake. The extent of the resultant damage on the environment of water pollution from a variety of sources has given rise to great concern. Heavy metal pollution of the aquatic ecosystem could occur either from waste disposal or at mining and processing sites by the leakage of minerals into the rivers. Flood water from mines may also carry high concentrations of heavy metals into the rivers, and fish sperm would then be exposed to these metals. This study has been navigated to look at some ultraMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES of copper bioaccumulation on two teleost species.Sperm from carp and trout incubated with different concentrations of copper for 3 hours. The specimens were processed and MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES on sperms were viewed by scanning electromicroscopy. The results showed that copper at concentrations higher than 10 ppm insert extensive MORPHOLOGICAL effects on sperm (mainly enlarging sperm's head), so they cannot swim freely and fertilized ova. Mean percent of abnormal sperms were 75, 100 and 100% for 10,50 and 100ppm copper concentrations, respectively.